health and life

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

2011-09-06T14:17:00.002+01:00

There arenumber of infectious disease, case by micro-organism, which the reproductiveorgans. The micro-organism of syphilis and gonorhoea cannot survive outside thebody,so these disease are transmitted from person to person only by sexualintercourse. The virus of non-specific urethritis and thefungus candila may be spread bytouching the sex organ of an infected person or by using a contaminated towel.

Certain sexually transmitted dieasesare some times called veneral diseases. The two mostimportant ones are syphilis and gonorrhoea, though in westerncountry at least, a third one called non-specific urethritis occus asfrequently as gonorrhoea. More recently, a sexually transmitted virus called genitalherps has also become more widespread in western countries. Althoughoutbreaks of this disease cannot be cured and it seems to produce a lifelonginfection with periodic outbreak.

In my next post, I will be talkingabout the sexually trasmitted diseases above one by one. Moreover if you needan expert advise on good Health and Diseases, please kindly leave your commenton the comment box below and I will reply you with all necessary informationyou needed. Thanks.

HEALTH AND LIFE

2011-09-05T13:24:00.001+01:00

Good healthis something that many of us take for granted. It is much more than an absenceof disease. Good health involves all the organs of the body wor king properly.It also involves feeling both in body and mind.

Personer Health

1.Diet: to some extent, obtaining a balancediet deepends on what you can afford. However , with a little knowledge itshould be possible for most people to obtain sufficient proteins, vitamins,salts, and fibre and to avoid excesses of carbohydrate and fats.

2.Personal Hygiene: Simple precautions, such as washingyour hand after going to toilet or latrine, and before handling food cangreatly reduce the chance of picking up an intestinal diseases. Such habit will also prevent you from passing diseaseonto other people.

Washing your whole body and changingyour clothes will help prevent fungus infection and will remove body parasiteswhich might be carrying disease organism.

3.Domestic Hygiene: Keeping cooking pots, plates, cups, and otherutensils clean will cut down the numbers of bacteria on them. Keeping flies outof the house , or at least away from food and utencils,removes one source ofcontamination.

4.Clean food and water : fruit and vegetables, which areeaten without cooking, should be washed in clean water in case they arecontaminated with disease organisms. When cooking food, it is important to heatit to a high enough temperature to kill bacteria and tapeworm cysts . Cooked food should be eaten at once or stored in acool, fly-proof place.

Unless youhave a supply of water which you know is clean and free from bacteria, it is asensible precaution to boil any water which is to be used for drinking.

5.Avoiding infected water: Unless you know that a pond, lake orriver is free from disease bacteria and from the water snails which carryschistosomiasis, you should avoid paddling, bathing or washing in such places.

6.Not smoking: It now well established that smoking, especially cigarettes,causes bronchitis, emphysema, atherosclerosis, heart attacks and lung cancer.It is clearly sensible not to take up smoking or, if you have started , you yougive it up.

7.Excercise and relaxation: Regular vigorous exercise duringwork or recreation has avery beneficial effect on heath . It seems to maintainthe heart and circulatory system in good working order and also promotes a positive feeling ofwell-being.

CONVULSIONS, PARALYSIS AND EPILEPTICS

2011-09-04T10:08:00.000+01:00

CONVULSIONS, PARALYSIS AND EPILEPTICS

Paralysis: Is anabily to move certain muscles.This is usually a failure of the motor nerve to carry impulse to the muscle s concerned.

If motor nerve to a limb are cut asa result of an accident, the muscle cannot be made to contract. If the damageis not extensive, the nerve may grow again.

Spinal injury may lead to paralysis.If the spina chord is damage by the disease or injury, the part below thedamage area may have neither motor function nor sensation. Poliomyeliticssometimes result in paralysis because the polio virus affect the motor nerve ofthe spinal chord.

Strokeusually lead to partial paralysis because the blood supply to certainbrain cells is off for a time.

Hysterical paralysis I is apsycological disorder. Although there is no sign of disease or obvious damageof the brain, the is unable to move one or more limbs. If the speech centre id affected, the patientmay loose power of speech. If, under the influence of drugs or hynosis, thepatient regains the use of affected part, ths is an indication that the causeof the paralysis is psychological orpyschosomatic and not the result ofinjury or infection.

Convulsions: this is involuntory burst of themuscles contraction involving the face and the limbs. It result from anirritation of motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal chord. In diabeticsconvulsion may occur if the brain cells are deprive of sugar, in tetanus the convulsionsare the result of tetanus toxin acting on the neuronin the spinal chord. Inyoung children the most usually cause of convulsion is high temperatureresulting from an infection illness.

Hysterical convulsions are produceby a psychological state rather by any disease or disorder of the nerve system.They may be induced by the fervour of the religion or ritual ceremonyenergetic, rhythmic dancing movements.

The treatment of the convulsions isinjection of anti-convulsant, tranquilizing drugs. If the causes of convulsionis an abnormal high body temperature, attempt should be made to lower thetemperature as soon as possible.

Epilepsy this arises in the brain as a result of a large number ofnerve cells all firing off impulses atthe same time. The affect may be a briefloss of conciousness; the person just stop what he is doing and just staresblankly ahead for 30seconds. This form of epilepsy is sometimes called ‘petit mal’. It ocurs most offen inchildren and young people and dissapear as they get older.

The more severe form of epilepsy iscalled “grand mal” and involves lossof conciousness, falling over and convulsion lasting for a minute or two. Thepatient sometimes has sensations that tell him or her that an attack is aboutto happen.

Anybody mayexperience epilepsy as a result of head injury, meningitis or a blockage ofsome blood vessels in the brain. People described as epileptics have attackwithout any obvious cause although it is likely that there is some small area of damage in the brain which setoff the discharge of nervous impulses.

Epilepticare normally in other respect and are not mentally retarded unless theirdisease is the result of serious brain damage at birth. Because epilepticattacks cannot usually be predicted and often involve a temporary loss ofconciousness, it is important that epileptics should not work in situationwhere they might be injured either by themselves or other people. Most coutriesdo not allow epiletics to drive.

Epileptic attack can be control bygiving anticonvulsant drugs at times when seizures most often occur. Thesedrugs are depressants and have the disadvantage of making the patient lessmentally alert than usual.

Causes of Stroke and effect

2011-09-03T10:27:00.000+01:00

STROKE

A strokeresult from a defect in the blood supply to the brain. The most sudden andsevere form is a ruptured blood vessels in the brain causing cerebral haemoorrhage {bleading in thebrain}. Blood vessels In the brain may become blocked by an embolism, thatis, a small clot of blood that has become dislodge from other part of the body.The arteries of the brain may themselves developed thickened walls due to arthroscleros and gradually become blocked.

When brain cells are deprived fromthe glucose and oxygen normally supply by the blood vessels, they stop working.As a result, the part of the body normally control by the affected part of brain cannot function and so becomeparalysed. Usually, this affect the face, arm, leg on one siide of the body only: the side opposite tothe damaged brain. If the speech centre is involved, the patient may loosepower of speech, or the ability to form words distinctly.

Stroke usually affect thosepeople who are over the age of 50. Thedamage brain cell do not recover, but this need not result in permanentparalysis if other brain cell take over. With help, e.g. physiotheraphy, thepatient usually regains the use of the affected organs, although not to thefull extent.

The virus which causes Rabies

2011-09-02T13:15:00.000+01:00

RABIES

The viruswhich causes rabies is present in a varieties of wild and domestic animals. Itis usually trnsmitted to human as a result of bite from an infected dog.Thedog’s salivva contain the viruses and these enter the wounded tissues, travelup the nerve and invade the spina-chord and brain. The symptoms which usuallyappear in 1-4 months after being bitten, are high temperature, delirium,convulsion, paralysis and death.The painful contration of the throat muscleswhen trying to drink water, gives the diseases it other name “Hydrophobia”,which means fear of water . Once the symtoms have develop there is no cureand their resul is fatal.

There is a vacines against theviruses, prepared from sheep’s brain or duck egg treated with viruses.Unfortunately,the vaccines carries a risk of causing inflamation of the brain{encphlities} and it is used unless a person receive a bite from an animalsuspected to be, or later prove to be infected by Rabies. In this caseanti-rabies serum is injected at once, follow by the injection of the vaccineseveryday for fourteen days. A vaccine prepare from human tissue-culture is moreeffective and carries less risk ofharmfull side-effect, but it is very expensive.

If the animal which gave the bitestill alive after seven days, it is most unlikely to have being carrying thevirus rabies, so the treat of the patient can now be stopped.

Tetanus [lock-jaw]: How it penetrate the body

2011-08-25T18:14:00.000+01:00

Tetanus [lock-jaw]

If Clostridium tetani bacteria get into a deep wound they reproduce but do not invade the tissues. They do, however, produce a toxin which is extremely poisonous. This toxin passes up the motor nerve fibre to the spinal chord. Here, it does not paralyzed the motor nerve but makes them extremely sensitive, so that the slightest stimulus sets off a reflex contraction of the muscles. This may cause spasmodic twitching or strong, sustains contractions. An early symptom is often a spasm of the jaw muscles which makes it difficult to open the Jaw. This symptom gives the illness its popular name of “lock-jaw “. However, the convulsion may affect nearly all the body muscles and be so severe that the patient cannot breathe. If the patient can be kept alive for 3-4 weeks, they will get better of their own accord. The patients need to be watch all the time to help the breathing if necessary and to make sure that if they vomit the airway does not become blocked.

The drugs used are [a] Antibiotics to attack the clostridium bacteria in the wound, [b] sedatives to suppress the convulsions and, [c] an anti-toxin to neutralize the Toxin.

The anti-toxin is prepared by injecting a horse with diluted tetanus toxin. The horse makes an antitoxin which can be extracted from its blood serum and injected into humans. The anti-toxin cannot reach the toxin already in the nerve system but it does the neutralize any toxin circulating in the bloodstream.

The best time to use the anti-toxin is immediately after receiving a wound which is likely to have become contaminated with soil or animal faeces. In the case, the anti-toxin will neutralize any tetanus toxin in the blood before the toxin can reach the nerve. The tetanus anti-toxin is eliminated from the in a week or two.

There is a danger of an allergic reaction to the horse serum, so a skin test with a small amount of serum is necessary before injecting a larger dose. If the skin shows an inflammatory reaction to the serum anti-toxin is not used. Anti-toxin prepared from human serum is far less to provoke an, allergic reaction.

The Clostridium tetani bacteria occur in the faeces of cow, horses, dog and, rarely man, and the bacteria spores can survive in the soil. People working on the land or with animals are therefore the most likely to contract the disease if they cut themselves. People who do not wear the shoes are also at risk. The use of animal dung to treat wounds or rubbing on the cut umbilical cord of new born babies is a highly undesirable practice because of the risk of infection with Clostridium.

The most effective way of preventing tetanus is by Immunization. A harmless form of the tetanus toxin is called a texoid, can be prepared. When this is injected, the body makes an anti-toxin. Everyone should be immunized against tetanus, regardless of age, but it is especially important for people who work with soil and domestic animals. Pregnant women should be immunized early in pregnancy and children at six months.

Immunity is not long –lasting and does not develop after only one inoculation. So, a series of anti- tetanus injections are needed. The first two are given four weeks apart, followed by a third, 8-12 months later. After this, ‘booster’ injection are needed every ten years.