There are
number of infectious disease, case by micro-organism, which the reproductive
organs. The micro-organism of syphilis and gonorhoea cannot survive outside the
body,so these disease are transmitted from person to person only by sexual
intercourse. The virus of non-specific urethritis and the
funguscandila may be spread by
touching the sex organ of an infected person or by using a contaminated towel.
Certain sexually transmitted dieases
are some times called veneral diseases. The two most
important ones are syphilis and gonorrhoea, though in western
country at least, a third one called non-specific urethritis occus as
frequently as gonorrhoea. More recently, a sexually transmitted virus called genital
herps has also become more widespread in western countries. Although
outbreaks of this disease cannot be cured and it seems to produce a lifelong
infection with periodic outbreak.
In my next post, I will be talking
about the sexually trasmitted diseases above one by one. Moreover if you need
an expert advise on good Health and Diseases, please kindly leave your comment
on the comment box below and I will reply you with all necessary information
you needed. Thanks.
Good health
is something that many of us take for granted. It is much more than an absence
of disease. Good health involves all the organs of the body wor king properly.
It also involves feeling both in body and mind.
Personer Health
1.Diet: to some extent, obtaining a balance
diet deepends on what you can afford. However , with a little knowledge it
should be possible for most people to obtain sufficient proteins, vitamins,
salts, and fibre and to avoid excesses of carbohydrate and fats.
2.Personal Hygiene: Simple precautions, such as washing
your hand after going to toilet or latrine, and before handling food can
greatly reduce the chance of picking up an intestinal diseases. Such habit will also prevent you from passing disease
onto other people.
Washing your whole body and changing
your clothes will help prevent fungus infection and will remove body parasites
which might be carrying disease organism.
3.Domestic Hygiene: Keeping cooking pots, plates, cups, and other
utensils clean will cut down the numbers of bacteria on them. Keeping flies out
of the house , or at least away from food and utencils,removes one source of
contamination.
4.Clean food and water : fruit and vegetables, which are
eaten without cooking, should be washed in clean water in case they are
contaminated with disease organisms. When cooking food, it is important to heat
it to a high enough temperature to kill bacteria and tapeworm cysts . Cooked food should be eaten at once or stored in a
cool, fly-proof place.
Unless you
have a supply of water which you know is clean and free from bacteria, it is a
sensible precaution to boil any water which is to be used for drinking.
5.Avoiding infected water: Unless you know that a pond, lake or
river is free from disease bacteria and from the water snails which carry
schistosomiasis, you should avoid paddling, bathing or washing in such places.
6.Not smoking: It now well established that smoking, especially cigarettes,
causes bronchitis, emphysema, atherosclerosis, heart attacks and lung cancer.
It is clearly sensible not to take up smoking or, if you have started , you you
give it up.
7.Excercise and relaxation: Regular vigorous exercise during
work or recreation has avery beneficial effect on heath . It seems to maintain
the heart and circulatory system in good working order and also promotes a positive feeling of
well-being.
Paralysis: Is anabily to move certain muscles.
This is usually a failure of the motor nerveto carry impulse to the muscle s concerned.
If motor nerve to a limb are cut as
a result of an accident, the muscle cannot be made to contract. If the damage
is not extensive, the nerve may grow again.
Spinal injury may lead to paralysis.
If the spina chord is damage by the disease or injury, the part below the
damage area may have neither motor function nor sensation. Poliomyelitics
sometimes result in paralysis because the polio virus affect the motor nerve of
the spinal chord.
Stroke
usually lead to partial paralysis because the blood supply to certain
braincells is off for a time.
Hysterical paralysis I is a
psycological disorder. Although there is no sign of disease or obvious damage
of the brain, the is unable to move one or more limbs.If the speech centre id affected, the patient
may loose power of speech. If, under the influence of drugs or hynosis, the
patient regains the use of affected part, ths is an indication that the cause
of the paralysis is psychological or
pyschosomatic and not the result of
injury or infection.
Convulsions:this is involuntory burst of the
muscles contraction involving the face and the limbs. It result from an
irritation of motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal chord. In diabetics
convulsion may occur if the brain cells are deprive of sugar, in tetanus the convulsions
are the result of tetanus toxin acting on the neuronin the spinal chord. In
young children the most usually cause of convulsion is high temperature
resulting from an infection illness.
Hysterical convulsions are produce
by a psychological state rather by any disease or disorder of the nerve system.
They may be induced by the fervour of the religion or ritual ceremony
energetic, rhythmic dancing movements.
The treatment of the convulsions is
injection of anti-convulsant, tranquilizing drugs. If the causes of convulsion
is an abnormal high body temperature, attempt should be made to lower the
temperature as soon as possible.
Epilepsythis arises in the brain as a result of a large number of
nerve cellsall firing off impulses at
the same time. The affect may be a brief
loss of conciousness; the person just stop what he is doing and just stares
blankly ahead for 30seconds. This form of epilepsy is sometimes called ‘petit mal’. It ocurs most offen in
children and young people and dissapear as they get older.
The more severe form of epilepsy is
called “grand mal” and involves loss
of conciousness, falling over and convulsion lasting for a minute or two. The
patient sometimes has sensations that tell him or her that an attack is about
to happen.
Anybody may
experience epilepsy as a result of head injury, meningitis or a blockage of
some blood vessels in the brain. People described as epileptics have attack
without any obvious cause although it is likely that there is somesmall area of damage in the brain which set
off the discharge of nervous impulses.
Epileptic
are normally in other respect and are not mentally retarded unless their
disease is the result of serious brain damage at birth. Because epileptic
attacks cannot usually be predicted and often involve a temporary loss of
conciousness, it is important that epileptics should not work in situation
where they might be injured either by themselves or other people. Most coutries
do not allow epiletics to drive.
Epileptic attack can be control by
giving anticonvulsant drugs at times when seizures most often occur. These
drugs are depressants and have the disadvantage of making the patient less
mentally alert than usual.
A stroke
result from a defect in the blood supply to the brain. The most sudden and
severe form is a ruptured blood vessels in the brain causing cerebral haemoorrhage {bleading in the
brain}. Blood vessels In the brain may become blocked by an embolism, that
is, a small clot of blood that has become dislodge from other part of the body.
The arteries of the brain may themselves developed thickened walls due to arthroscleros and gradually becomeblocked.
When brain cells are deprived from
the glucose and oxygen normally supply by the blood vessels, they stop working.
As a result, the part of the body normally control by the affected part ofbrain cannot function and so become
paralysed. Usually, this affect the face, arm, leg on onesiide of the body only: the side opposite to
the damaged brain. If the speech centre is involved, the patient may loose
power of speech, or the ability to form words distinctly.
Stroke usually affect those
peoplewho are over the age of 50. The
damage brain cell do not recover, but this need not result in permanent
paralysis if other brain cell take over. With help, e.g. physiotheraphy, the
patient usually regains the use of the affected organs, although not to the
full extent.
The virus
which causes rabies is present in a varieties of wild and domestic animals. It
is usually trnsmitted to human as a result of bite from an infected dog.The
dog’s salivva contain the viruses and these enter the wounded tissues, travel
up the nerve and invade the spina-chord and brain. The symptoms which usually
appear in 1-4 months after being bitten, are high temperature, delirium,
convulsion, paralysis and death.The painful contration of the throat muscles
when trying to drink water, gives the diseases it other name “Hydrophobia”,
which means fear of water . Once the symtoms have develop there is no cure
and their resul is fatal.
There is a vacines against the
viruses, prepared from sheep’s brain or duck egg treated with viruses.
Unfortunately,the vaccines carries a risk of causing inflamation of the brain
{encphlities} and it is used unless a person receive a bite from an animal
suspected to be, or later prove to be infected by Rabies. In this case
anti-rabies serum is injected at once, follow by the injection of the vaccines
everyday for fourteen days. A vaccine prepare from human tissue-culture is more
effectiveand carries less risk of
harmfull side-effect, but it is very expensive.
If the animal which gave the bite
still alive after seven days, it is most unlikely to have being carrying the
virus rabies, so the treat of the patient can now be stopped.